![]() ![]() ![]() Learning to operate the BMIc was paralleled by functional reorganization in multiple cortical areas, suggesting that the dynamic properties of the BMIc were incorporated into motor and sensory cortical representations.Ĭitation: Carmena JM, Lebedev MA, Crist RE, O'Doherty JE, Santucci DM, Dimitrov DF, et al. Using visual feedback, monkeys succeeded in producing robot reach-and-grasp movements even when their arms did not move. Continuous BMIc operation by monkeys led to significant improvements in both model predictions and behavioral performance. ![]() As single neurons typically contribute to the encoding of several motor parameters, we observed that high BMIc accuracy required recording from large neuronal ensembles. Here we demonstrate that primates can learn to reach and grasp virtual objects by controlling a robot arm through a closed-loop brain–machine interface (BMIc) that uses multiple mathematical models to extract several motor parameters (i.e., hand position, velocity, gripping force, and the EMGs of multiple arm muscles) from the electrical activity of frontoparietal neuronal ensembles. Reaching and grasping in primates depend on the coordination of neural activity in large frontoparietal ensembles. ![]()
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